- Hearsay is a statement that offers evidence that proves the truth of the matter in a statement this is besides any statements made by declarant during testifying at trial (Hail, 2014). Hearsay evidence may be deemed inadmissible in a criminal proceeding if a statute or rule does not prove otherwise. For example if Joey is on trial and his friend Brian stands outside the court room stating exactly how Joey is guilty this is hearsay. This evidence would be secondhand and deemed inadmissible which means it serves no use to the trial or court whether this information is true or false. Another form of inadmissible hearsay would be a witness stating her testimony and someone from outside of the court room stating a testimony. This would be inadmissible whether the information is true or false due to them not being an actual witness to the case.
- Hearsay is a statement that the declarant does not make while testifying at the current trial or hearing; and the party offers evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement (Hails, 2018). The rule against using hearsay evidence is to prevent out-of-court, second-hand statements from being used as evidence at trial, given their potential unreliability (FindLaw’s Team, 2019). Hearsay evidence may be deemed inadmissible. For example, a couple in Jane’s job is going through a divorce. Jane heard a rumor from her coworkers that Joe was unfaithful to his wife but did not have evidence that Joe was unfaithful to his wife. Jane did not observe Joe cheating, nor did Joe tell Jane he was cheating, therefore not having direct knowledge of the affair. Jane would not be able to testify during the divorce proceeding about Joe being unfaithful. Another example, Angel is a witness for a murder trial. Being the first witness, Angel testifies that Liz told him that she saw the defendant kill the case’s victim. Liz did not testify at the trial. The statement that Angel made was to show that the defendant killed the victim. It would be considered inadmissible hearsay evidence.
- Hearsay is when a witness is reciting an out-of-court statement to prove the truth of the issue asserted. For example, a law enforcement officer can be called to stand to verify what the witness said during the interrogation. Hearsay evidence may be inadmissible in a criminal proceeding for many reasons. The first reason being if the witness clearly shows signs that they are mentally or emotionally unstable to make a statement. This is inadmissible because it is not reliable that the statement the witness gives is valid. The second reason is if the witness changes their alibi or the sequence of events when the crime occurred. If the witness keeps changing the story it is not reliable, it just proves that the witness is a liar.
- Hearsay is a statement which is made outside of the courtroom, brought up in an attempt to prove its assertion. For example, if Johnny testifies in a court of law that he heard his friend Logan tell him that he witnessed a murder carried out by the defendant, but the Logan is not at the trial, this statement is considered hearsay. Because the statement being discussed is made by someone from outside of a courtroom. Another example would be a similar situation in which Johnny testifies the same as he did the first time, but Logan is actually able to testify at the trials. In this situation, the hearsay is admissible.
- Hearsay is information received from other people that one cannot adequately confirm. From a legal standpoint, it is testimony from a witness under oath who is reciting an out-of-court statement which is being offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. In most courts, hearsay evidence is inadmissible unless an exception applies.
For example, to prove that Tom was in town, the attorney asks a witness, “What did Susan tell you about Tom being in town?” Since the witness’s answer will rely on an out-of-court statement that Susan made, if Susan is unavailable for cross examination, the answer is hearsay. Note, however, that if the attorney asking the same question is not trying to prove the truth of the assertion about Tom being in town but the fact that Susan said the specific words, it may be acceptable. If you’re facing a criminal trial, there may be several pieces of evidence that the government is relying on for their case. However, that doesn’t mean that the evidence is admissible in court. A skilled criminal defense attorney can challenge questionable evidence, such as hearsay statements, and help you prepare your strongest defense.
Assignment 1: Descriptive Statistics
Author’s Name
Strayer University
MAT300
Date
Assignment 1: Descriptive Statistics
Introduction
Begin your first paragraph here. Be sure to indent each new paragraph. Your introduction should include the name of your article. Please remember that the article you choose, must be published during this quarter. You should include the title and topic of the article in the introduction and a brief overview of the topic.
Your paper must be typed, double spaced throughout (including the references page), using Arial, Calibri Courier, Times New Roman font (size 10-, 11-, or 12), with one-inch margins on all sides (Strayer Writing Standards, 2018). For citations and references, please follow Strayer Writing Standards (SWS) format. There is a link within the assignment that is labeled Strayer Writing Standards. Please refer to that document before you begin writing your paper. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
You must include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. This is already set up for you in the template, so just enter your name where it says Author’s Name and enter the appropriate date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The paper should be 2-3 pages without the cover page and reference page, so that means 4-5 pages total with the cover page and reference page.
Summary
You can share the summary of the article you chose in this section.
Descriptive Statistics
In this section, please explain how the article uses descriptive statistics. The article should use one of the following categories of descriptive statistics:
- Measures of Frequency – Counting Rules, Percent, Frequency, Frequency Distributions
- Measures of Central Tendency – Mean, Median, Mode
- Measures of Dispersion or Variation – Range, Variance, Standard Deviation
- Measures of Position – Percentile, Quartiles
Real World Applications
In this article, please explain how the article applies to the real world, your major, your current job, or your future career goal.
Analysis
In this section, analyze the reasons why the author or authors of the article chose to use the various types of data shared in the article
Conclusion
You should have at least one source, which is the article that you are presenting. *You do not have to use additional sources for your paper. If you decided to use them, you must follow-up SWS guidelines. In addition to the article you chose, you can use your textbook or any article or book that supports your ideas. Why should you use outside sources? The first reason is that our papers will be more persuasive if we’re using reliable, authoritative information, and we want to remind our reader that we didn’t just make stuff up. Using authoritative sources creates an authoritative paper.
The second reason is that we want to avoid plagiarism penalties. Plagiarism can get us kicked out of school, and we’re here to get a degree, so we want to remain enrolled. Plagiarism can be avoided by simply letting your reader know where you found your information. For instance, if I tell you Bill Atkinson sold HyperCard to Apple for $100,000 dollars, I may be making it up. If I instead tell you Levy (2011, p. 15) reminds us that HyperCard was sold to Apple for $100,000 dollars by Bill Atkinson, you’ll be able to use my sources list and look it up to help determine whether you want to believe me.
If it’s on your source list page, it needs to be referred to in your paper. If you’ve referred to it in your paper, it needs to be on your list of sources.
So there you have it. Use the SWS throughout the paper. List your references. Refer to those references in your paper. And use this paper as a template if you like.
Source List
Steven Levi. 2011. In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives. Book on Amazon.com
Strayer Writing Standards. Fall 2018. Strayer University.
